Simple past
Present Perfect Tense
Hi, learners! After a long time I am writing this article. Today you are going to learn use of Present Perfect Tense in Hindi language. I hope you will learn something new.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
AASANN BHOOT KAAL / आसन्न भूत काल
The present perfect tense is a tense of the past. It represents a completed act, the effect of which is still present. It brings a past act into relation with the present. In other words, it denotes an action concluded recently e.g. I have drunk the water/maine paani piya hai / मैंने पानी पिया है or main paani pee chukka/chuki hoon/ मैं पानी पी चुका/चुकी हूँ। ‘Drunk’/पिया/पी चुका/चुकी shows that the action was over in the past. ‘Have’ indicates that it is recent past. So we have to use both past tense and present tense symbols.
1. For more information please see past indefinite tense.
2. Add present tense symbols hoon/ho/hai/hain according to subject.
3. Add hai/है or hain/हैं according to the number of the object.
4. Ne/ने will be added to subject.
5. It shows eaten/drunk/gone/slept/khaya/peeya/gaya/soya/chukka/chuki/chukey/खाया/पीय/गया/चुकी/चुके in the end.
Examples/उदाहरण:
1. Ravi has come here.
Ravi yahan aaya hai/ Ravi yahan aa chukka hai./ रवि यहाँ आया है/ रवि यहाँ आ चुका है।
Aaya/aa chukka /आया/ आ चुका is past tense and hai/है is present tense. Hence it is
present perfect tense. We use hai/है because it stands for 3rd person.
2. Ritu has written an essay.
Ritu ne ek patr likha hai./ रितु ने एक पत्र लिखा है।
3. I have gone there.
Main wahan ja chukka hoon./ मैं वहाँ जा चुका हूँ।
4. He has beaten his younger brother.
Usne apne chote bhai ko peeta hai./उसने अपने छोटे भाई को पीटा है।
5. Mother has prepared Maggie for us.
Mata ji ne humare liye Maggie banayee thee./माता जी ने हमारे लिए मैगी बनायी है।
Vocabulary/शब्दकोष:
To come-aana/आना, to write- likhna/लिखना, to go-jana/जाना, to beat-peetna/पीटना, to prepare- banana/taeyyar karna/बनाना/तैयार करना
Thank you/dhanyavaad/धन्यवाद!
Keep practicing/phir milenge/फिर मिलेंगे!
Past Continuous Tense
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
APOORNA BHOOT KAAL/अपूर्ण भूत काल
The past continuous tense indicates an action that was going on in the past at a particular time. The completion of that action, however, is not known for sure.
Sentences in past continuous tense are formed by adding raha/rahe/rahi/रहा/रहे/रही to the the verb ( as present continuous tense) according to the gender and number of the subject and then by adding the appropriate past tense indicator tha/they/thee/था/थे/थी.
Examples/udaharan/उदाहरण:
1. I was eating the food.
Main khana kha raha tha. / मैं खाना खा रहा था।
2. You were shopping in the shopping mall.
Tum shopping mall main kharidaari kar rahe they./ तुम शॉपिंग मॉल में ख़रीदारी कर रहे थे।
3. Why Rohan was laughing at that time?
Rohan tab kyon hans raha tha? / रोहन तब क्यों हँस रहा था?
4. Cool breeze was blowing slowly.
Thandi hawa dheere dheere chal rahi thee. / ठंडी हवा धीरे धीरे चल रही थी।
5. Sheela was watching a football match yesterday.
Sheela kal football match dekh rahi the. / शीला कल फुटबॉल मैच देख रही थी।
Vocabulary / शब्दकोश
to eat- khana/खाना , to shop-kharidaari karna/ख़रीदारी करना, to laugh- hansna/हँसना, to blow- chalna/behna/चलना/बहना, to watch-dekhna/देखना
Keep practicing!!
Will meet again /Phir milenge / फिर मिलेंगे!!
Past Indefinite Tense
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
SAMANYA BHOOT KAAL/सामान्य भूत काल
An action mentioned as done in the past without any definite reference to the time or its condition is said to be in past indefinite tense. e.g. I went, I watched, I won gaya/dekha/jeeta. These are the form of simple past tense.
- If the verb ends in silent with a/अ, lengthen it to aa/आ, to from masculine singular, and change it into ae/ए for masculine plural. In feminine singular it becomes ee/ई and in plural een/ईं (dikha/dikhey/dikhi/dikhin/दिखा/दिखे/दिखी/दिखीं).
- If the verb ends in aa/o/आ/ओ, ya/या is added (gaya/khaya/गया/खाया) which becomes ye/ये in masculine plural yee/यी in feminine singular and yeen/यीं in feminine plural. But where the use of ya/या is optional, it may be avoided using only the vowel form. Hence khaaye,khayee, khaayeen/खाए/खाई/खाईं are preferred instead of khaaye/khayee/khayeen/खाये/खायी/खायीं
|
|
Masculine |
Feminine |
||
|
Verb /Action |
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
|
Read/padh/पढ़ |
read/padha/पढ़ा |
read/padhey/पढ़े |
read/padhi/पढ़ी |
read/padheen/पढ़ीं |
|
Watch/dekh/देख |
watched/dekha/देखा |
watched/dekhe/देखे |
watched/dekhi/देखी |
watched/dekheen/देखीं |
|
Run/daud/दौड़ |
ran/dauda/दौड़ा |
ran/daudey/दौड़े |
ran/daudi/दौड़ी |
ran/daudeen/दौड़ीं |
|
Laugh/hans/हँस |
laughed/hansa/हँसा |
laughed/hansey/हँसे |
laughed/hansee/हँसी |
laughed/hanseen/हँसीं |
Examples:
1. I went to the home yesterday.
Main kal ghar gaya tha./मैं कल घर गया था।
2. I read a story book.
Maine kahaniyon ki ek kitaab padhi./मैंने कहानियों की एक किताब पढ़ी।
3. Suddenly the train left the station.
Achanak railgaadi ne station chod diya./अचानक रेलगाड़ी ने स्टेशन छोड़ दिया।
4. When did you return from the village.
Tum gaaon se kab lautey./तुम गाँओ से कब लौटे।
5. I went to market to purchase some clothes.
Main kal kapde khareedney ke liye baajar gaya tha./ मैं कल कपड़े खरीदने के लिए बाजार गया था।
6. Radha watched a movie yesterday.
Radha ne kal ek chalchitra dekha./राधा ने कल एक चलचित्र देखा।
7. Last year, Kavita went to Japan.
Pichle saal, kavita japan gayi thi./पिछले साल, कविता जापान गयी थी।
8. Did you have dinner last night?
Kya kal tumne raat ka bhojan kiya tha?/क्या कल तुमने रात का भोजन किया था?
Vocabulary:
went-gaya/गया, read- padha/पढ़ा, left-choda/छोड़ा, returned-lauta/लौटा, watched-dekha/देखा, dinner-raat ka bhojan/रात का भोजन
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